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History: Glossary of Woodworking Hand Tools

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Source of version: 23

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__[https://thepatriotwoodwiki.org/Adze|Adze]__ - An adze is similar to an axe, imagine an axe with its blade at a right angle to its haft (helve or handle).

__[https://thepatriotwoodwiki.org/Adze#Carpenter_s|Adze, Carpenters]__ - This adze similar to the standard adze, yet has a square back of the blade, that can be used for striking other object as in a hammer or maul action.

__[https://thepatriotwoodwiki.org/Adze#Cooper_s|Adze, Coopers]__ - The coopers adze is held by one hand and has a curved blade, typically used by barrel makers, favored for its small and easy to use weight and size, and for the curved blade.

__[https://thepatriotwoodwiki.org/Adze#Sculptor|Adze, Sculptors]__ - The sculptors adze has a straighter blade quite the opposite of the coopers adze, it as well is used by one hand.

__[https://thepatriotwoodwiki.org/Adze#Ship_carpenter_s|Adze, Ship Carpenters]__ - This specialty adze has a blade similar to the shape of a garden hoe, and is fitted with a spur on the back of the blade, the spur is used to set large nails or to punch holes or indentations into the wood.

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__Calipers inside__ - Entry needed

__Calipers outside__ - Entry needed

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__Dividers/Compass__ - Entry needed

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__Gauge butt__ - differs from a mortising gauge in that its spurs are at extreme ends of the beams. It can, therefore, be used in internal corners such as door jamb when gauging for the width of the hinges. It is made of steel and has three spurs.

__Gauge marking__ - made of wood or steel. The one most commonly used consists of a square, wooden bar or beam, about 8 in. long, on which a wooden block or head slides. This block can be fastened at any point of the bar by means of a brass set-screw bearing against a brass shoe. The block, on the best grade of gauge, is protected from wear by a piece of brass set flush with its surface. The bar is graduated in inches and provided with a steel point or spur fastened near the end with a screw. The spur must be filed to a fine point.
This tool is used for marking or gauging widths on narrow pieces of wood, such as table legs, etc. When using it. move the gauge away from you, and tip is slightly forward, keeping the block in contact with the edge or face of the board at all times.

__Gauge mortising__ - is a marking gauge with two spurs, which can be spaced at different distances and mark two parallel lines at the same time. One type is made of rosewood and has and adjusting screw in the end of the beam, which moves one of the points up or down the as desired. The other side of the beam is fitted with a single point as an ordinary marking gauge. This gauge is used chiefly for layout out mortises and tenons. Other types are made entirely of metal and have two bars.

__Gauge slitting__ - is similar to the panel gauge, but has a handle in addition to the block. It has a knife instead of a spur and is used for cutting thin stock.

!H
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__Handsaw__ - See various types below

*__Ripsaw__ - The ripsaw is used for ripping or cutting with the grain along the straight line. Blades of ripsaws vary in length from 20 to 28 in. They are always wider at the handle than at the end, in order to prevent them from bending or buckling when they are pushed through the wood.
*__Crosscut saw__ - The crosscut saw is similar in shape and appearance to the ripsaw. The only difference lies in the shape of the teeth, which are filed to a point instead of square across as on a ripsaw. The number of points to the inch varies from 8 to 12.
*__Backsaw__ - The backsaw is a crosscut saw wtih a thin blade and fine teeth. A heavy piece of steel fitted over the back of the thin blade prevents it from buckling. The blades of backsaws are from 8 to 18 in. long. Backsaws are used for finer work such as cheek and shoulder cuts on tenons.
*__Dovetail saw__ - The dovetail saw is shaped like a backsaw, but has thinner, narrower blade and finer teeth. The handle of a dovetail saw is shaped like a chisel handle. The length of the blade varies from 6 to 12 in. It is used for extremely fine work such as cutting of dovetails.
*__Compass saw__ - shaped like a ripsaw, but its blade is so narrow that it can cut on curved line. It is particularly useful in cutting a section from within a board or panel. A hole is bored near the line to be cut and the pointed end of the saw inserted into this hole.
*__Keyhole saw__ - is a smaller and finer compass saw.
*__Turning saw__ - consists of a very narrow blade, about 3/16 in. wide, which is held under tension in a frame. It has ripsaw teeth and is used for cutting curves, as the blade usually can be revolved in the frame. It can also be set in the frame so that it cuts either on the pulling or the pushing stroke.
*__Hack saw__ - is not properly a woodworker's tool, but is often a very convenient tool to have in the shop. It has a narrow blade set in a long, narrow metal frame, and is used for cutting metals.
*__Coping saw__ - is a very small turning saw usually having a metal frame. It is used for sawing fretwork patterns and coping moldings.
 

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__Level__ - Entry needed

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__Measuring tape__ - Used by carpenters, contractors, and architects. They are made of steel or cloth, and usually measure from 25 to 100 ft. in length. They are divided into inches and feet, or meters and centimeters.

__Miter box__ - Entry needed

__Miter and try-square__ - can be used at both 90 and 45 degrees. Miter squares can only be used for angles of 45 degrees.

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__Planes__ - See various types below.

*__Jack plane__ - Entry needed
*__Fore plane__ - The fore plane is built exactly like a jack plane, but is 18 in. long and has a plane iron 2 in. wide.
*__Jointer plane__ - The jointer is also like the jack plane, but is 22 to 24 in. long, and has a plane iron 2 3/8 in. or 2 5/8 in. wide. The latter two planes are used for leveling larger surfaces and for jointing the edges of
boards to be glued.
*__Smooth plane__ - The smooth plane is of the same construction as the above named planes, but it is shorter, being from 5 1/2 in. to 10 in. in length. 
*__Circular plane__ - The circular plane differs from the others in that it has a flexible bottom 10 in. long, which can be adjusted to either convex or concave curves. It is used on curved work, such as round table tops and aprons.
*__Block plane__ - The block plane is a small plane from 4 to 8 in. long. It has only a single plane iron, which is placed at a very low angle with the beveled side up. The lever cap is generally curved so that it fits smoothly within the hollow of the hand. This plane is used for planing end wood and in places where an ordinary plane could not be used.
*__Bullnose plane__ - The bullnose rabbet plane is about 4 in. long, and has the plane iron fastened to the extreme front of the body. 
*__Rabbet and Fillister plane__ - The rabbet and fillister plane is an iron plane used for planing grooves or rabbets on the edges of a board. It has both a depth and a width gauge, as well as a spur, which scores the wood in advance of the plane iron, thereby preventing splitting. 
*__Dado plane__ - A dado plane is similar to a rabbet plane, but is used for cutting across the grain.
*__Match plane__ - A matching plane is used for matching boards; i.e., plowing a groove on the edge of one and a tongue on the edge of the other. It has two cutters, a plow and a tongue cutter.
*__Router plane__ - The router plane is used for removing the wood between two sawed or chiseled edges such as dadoes or grooves. The plane iron is lowered after each cut. It is furnished with a 1/4 in., a 2 1/5 in., and a smoothing cutter.
*__Universal plane__ - The universal plane is a very complicated piece of apparatus for planing moldings, dadoes, beads, flutes, etc. It is furnished with as many as 53 different cutters. 
*__Molding planes__ - Molding planes are wooden planes, having but one plane iron
for one particular type of molding.
Wooden planes of all types are still used a great deal, especially by
European cabinetmakers and carpenters. The inexperienced worker finds
them more difficult to adjust, but they have certain advantages over the iron planes. One of these is lighter weight, which is especially noticeable on jointer planes, and another is that shavings from resinous woods do not stick to their bottoms.

__Plumb bob__ - Entry needed

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__Rule__ - Rules are made in different lengths and of different materials. Those used by woodworkers are usually of the folding type, and measure from 2 to 8 feet in length. Rules are generally marked off on both sides in inches and subdivisions of an inch, but they are also made with such divisions on one side and metric divisions on the other.

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__Sliding T bevel__ - are similar to try-squares, but differ in that their blades are adjustable to any angle. They are used for laying out angles other than right angles, as for instance, corners braces, dovetails, or side rails for chairs.

!T
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__Trammel points__ -

__Try-square__ - Used for testing the squareness of lumber, and in checking the squareness of work being assembled, especially in places where a framing square would be too large. Try-squares consist of two parts, the stock and the blade, which are firmly fastened together at right angles. The stock is thick and made of wood or iron. The blade, which is thin, is made of steel and has an inch scale stamped on it. Try-squares are made in sizes from 4 to 12 in., measured from the end of the blade to the stock.

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